Lightning rod is a lightning protection device installed on buildings or equipment, whose main function is to reduce the damage caused by lightning strikes to buildings or equipment. Lightning rods form a conductive path by connecting buildings or equipment to underground conductors (grounding). When lightning strikes a building or equipment, the lightning rod can guide the lightning underground, thereby dispersing the energy of the lightning, reducing the damage caused by lightning strikes, and protecting the safety of the building or equipment.

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Specifically, the functions of lightning rods include the following aspects：

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1. Guiding lightning: When lightning strikes a building or equipment, the lightning rod can quickly guide the lightning underground, avoiding the accumulation of charges inside the building or equipment and reducing the damage caused by lightning strikes.

2. Dispersing lightning energy: After lightning rods introduce lightning into the ground, underground conductors can quickly disperse the energy of lightning, preventing excessive damage to buildings or equipment caused by lightning.

3. Protecting equipment and personnel safety: By installing lightning rods, equipment and personnel inside buildings can be effectively protected from lightning strikes, improving the safety and reliability of buildings and equipment.

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Overall, the function of lightning rods is to guide and disperse lightning energy, protect buildings or equipment from lightning damage, and ensure their safe operation. Therefore, in the design and construction process of buildings or equipment, the reasonable setting and installation of lightning rods is a very important lightning protection measure.